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Modification of surface water classification and related water standards

Absrtact	This study proposed a modified surface water classification and their standards on the basis of comparison between present standards of Taiwan and corresponding standards from the different countries, including Japan, United States, EU, Korea and China. In the past three years, 73.4%, 61.9%, 47.0%, 35.2%, 65.0%, and 11.7% of water did not meet surface water classification standards of Taiwan on the basis of the total phosphate, E. coli, ammonia nitrogen, BOD, and Manganese standards respectively, result in 67.51% and 91.6% of surface water can meet the environmental- and human health-related standards. In addition, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, China and some parts of United States have connected their surface water standards with water usage, while EU classifies them separates into water classification and water supply system. For certain type of natural water body, no specific water standards are required. After comparing the standards from other countries along with their purpose behind setting these standards, this study recommends few modifications for surface water standards as following: (1) pH standard should be modified as 6.5 to 8.5 for all water bodies; (2) total phosphate standard only required to be setup for the certain water bodies includes the upstream of lakes, reservoir, weir and water supply uptake facilities; (3) Pb standard should be modified from 0.1mg/l to 0.05 mg/l; (4)As standard should be modified from 0.05 mg/l to 0.02 mg/l; (5) no particular standard should be set for certain type of natural surface water; and (6) further studies should be carried out for implementing few more modification of other standards which were mentioned by other countries. After modification, 94.9%, 36.7%, 99.4%, and 99.0% of surface water will meet required standard on the basis of modified pH, TP, Pb, and As standards respectively, as a result of this 68.1% and 90.9% of surface water will meet the required environmental- and human health-related standards. In addition, this study also proposed a draft of surface water classification and water standards.
Keyword	Water Classification、Water Standards、Surface Water

Absrtact

This study proposed a modified surface water classification and their standards on the basis of comparison between present standards of Taiwan and corresponding standards from the different countries, including Japan, United States, EU, Korea and China. In the past three years, 73.4%, 61.9%, 47.0%, 35.2%, 65.0%, and 11.7% of water did not meet surface water classification standards of Taiwan on the basis of the total phosphate, E. coli, ammonia nitrogen, BOD, and Manganese standards respectively, result in 67.51% and 91.6% of surface water can meet the environmental- and human health-related standards. In addition, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, China and some parts of United States have connected their surface water standards with water usage, while EU classifies them separates into water classification and water supply system. For certain type of natural water body, no specific water standards are required. After comparing the standards from other countries along with their purpose behind setting these standards, this study recommends few modifications for surface water standards as following: (1) pH standard should be modified as 6.5 to 8.5 for all water bodies; (2) total phosphate standard only required to be setup for the certain water bodies includes the upstream of lakes, reservoir, weir and water supply uptake facilities; (3) Pb standard should be modified from 0.1mg/l to 0.05 mg/l; (4)As standard should be modified from 0.05 mg/l to 0.02 mg/l; (5) no particular standard should be set for certain type of natural surface water; and (6) further studies should be carried out for implementing few more modification of other standards which were mentioned by other countries. After modification, 94.9%, 36.7%, 99.4%, and 99.0% of surface water will meet required standard on the basis of modified pH, TP, Pb, and As standards respectively, as a result of this 68.1% and 90.9% of surface water will meet the required environmental- and human health-related standards. In addition, this study also proposed a draft of surface water classification and water standards.

Keyword

Water Classification、Water Standards、Surface Water